Wednesday, January 10, 2018

39 :3-24.3 Rules, regulations defining the term "farm implement."

4.   The Department of Agriculture, in consultation with the Chief Administrator of the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission, shall adopt, pursuant to the "Administrative Procedure Act," P.L.1968, c.410 (C.52:14B-1 et seq.), and within 180 days following the date of enactment of P.L.2015, c.292 (C.39:3-24.2 et al.), rules and regulations defining the term "farm implement." The definition of "farm implement" shall include, but is not limited to, tractors, hay wagons, and farm machinery.

   L.2015, c.292, s.4.

39 :3-24.2 Slow moving vehicle emblem

 3. a. The Chief Administrator of the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission shall design a slow moving vehicle emblem to be affixed to the rear of any motor vehicle, not for hire, used exclusively as a farm tractor, traction equipment, farm machinery, or farm implement, and any farm tractor, traction equipment, farm machinery, or farm implement drawn by a motor vehicle.  The chief administrator may charge a fee for the emblems not to exceed the actual cost of producing and distributing the emblems. The emblems shall be displayed in a manner prescribed by the chief administrator and shall be visible to other motorists when operated on the roadways of this State

   b.   The chief administrator shall adopt, pursuant to the "Administrative Procedure Act," P.L.1968, c.410 (C.52:14B-1 et seq.), and within 180 days following the date of enactment of P.L.2015, c.292 (C.39:3-24.2 et al.), rules and regulations necessary to effectuate the purpose of P.L.2015, c.292 (C.39:3-24.2 et al.), including, but not limited to, the standards and specifications for the design and placement of the slow moving vehicle emblems.

   c.   The chief administrator, in consultation with the Division of Highway Traffic Safety in the Department of Law and Public Safety, shall establish a Statewide educational campaign to promote roadway safety in rural areas of the State which shall include educating people on the laws concerning vehicles with slow moving vehicle emblems.

   L.2015, c.292, s.3.

39 :3-24 Farm tractors, traction equipment; registration; operation; emblem; fee revised 2015

(a) The chief administrator shall register farm tractors and traction equipment used for farm operation to travel upon the public highways. The fee for registration shall be $5 per annum, whether the registration is issued for the yearly period or only a portion thereof.  Traction equipment or farm tractors may draw farm machinery and implements while in transit from one farm to another without additional registration therefor.

   (b)   The chief administrator may register motor vehicles, not for hire, used exclusively as farm machinery or farm implements, to travel upon the public highways, from one farm, or portion thereof, to another farm, or portion thereof, both owned or managed by the registered owner of the vehicle or vehicles.  The fee for registration shall be $5 per annum, whether the registration is issued for a yearly period or only a portion thereof.  Any vehicle registered and any truck, van, sport utility vehicle, or similar vehicle registered pursuant to the provisions of R.S.39:3-25 may draw not more than one vehicle used exclusively on the farm and a vehicle so drawn need not be registered.  A vehicle registered pursuant to this section or R.S.39:3-25 may be used under contract with a municipality to remove snow upon a public highway.

   (c)   No vehicle registered pursuant to this section shall be operated on a public highway at any time from sunset to sunrise, except a vehicle being operated under contract with a municipality to remove snow or a vehicle equipped with proper safety lighting during the three hours before sunrise and the three hours after sunset.  Every vehicle registered pursuant to this section, when operated on a public highway, shall have means adequate to control the movement of, to stop, and to hold the vehicle on any up or down grade and shall be operated in accordance with uniform rules and regulations prescribed by the chief administrator.  The rules and regulations shall specify the coverings that may be used on the wheels of vehicles registered pursuant to this section; the days, hours, and conditions under which vehicles registered pursuant to this section can be operated; the circumstance under which escort vehicles shall be required; the distance that may be traveled upon the public highways, which shall not be less than 50 miles; and vehicle equipment or other requirements or restrictions as may be necessary to protect the safety of the users of the public highways.

   Motor vehicles, not for hire, which are used exclusively as farm tractors, traction equipment, farm machinery, or farm implements which cannot be operated at a speed in excess of 35 miles per hour shall not be required to be registered under this section.
 
   (d)   A slow moving vehicle emblem shall be affixed, in the manner prescribed by the chief administrator pursuant to section 3 of P.L.2015, c.292 (C.39:3-24.2), to the rear of any motor vehicle, not for hire, used exclusively as a farm tractor, traction equipment, farm machinery, or farm implement, and any farm tractor, traction equipment, farm machinery, or farm implement drawn by a motor vehicle when operated on the roadways of this State.  A motor vehicle, not for hire, used exclusively as a farm tractor, traction equipment, farm machinery, or farm implement or any farm tractor, traction equipment, farm machinery, or farm implement drawn by a motor vehicle shall not be operated on the roadways of this State unless a slow moving vehicle emblem is displayed in the manner prescribed by the chief administrator pursuant to section 3 of P.L.2015, c.292 (C.39:3-24.2).

   (e)   As used in this section, the term "sport utility vehicle" means any vehicle that is designed to be used both on and off roadways and is equipped with available all wheel drive and raised ground clearance.

   amended 1938, c.66, s.7; 1947, c.317; 1961, c.71, s.2; 1963, c.128, s.1; 1968, c.130, s.8; 1994, c.60, s.16; 1996, c.31, 1996, c.119, s.1; 2015, c.292, s.1.

39 :3-11.5a Renewal of certain documents by deployed military personnel, families

 1. a. Notwithstanding the provisions of any law to the contrary, any active duty member of any branch of the Armed Forces of the United States, and any person in the member's immediate family, may renew a driver's license, non-driver identification card, or motor vehicle registration certificate during the six months preceding the member's scheduled date of deployment to a location outside of New Jersey.

   b.   The driver's license or non-driver identification card of any active duty member of any branch of the Armed Forces of the United States, and any person in the member's immediate family, or the registration certificate of a motor vehicle registered to that person, shall remain valid upon demobilization or return from duty, for a period of no more than 90 days.  The chief administrator shall determine the appropriate documentation a person is required to possess for the driver's license, non-driver identification card , or motor vehicle registration to be deemed valid during this period.

   c.   A person renewing a driver's license, non-driver identification card , or motor vehicle registration pursuant to this section shall submit proof satisfactory to the chief administrator of the member's deployment to a location outside of New Jersey.

   d.   As used in this act, "immediate family" means a spouse, domestic partner, partner in a civil union, child, stepchild, or other person under the legal guardianship of the active duty member of the Armed Forces of the United States.

   L.2015, c.299, s.1.
 

39 :3-11.1 License to person 16 years of age to drive motor vehicles in agricultural pursuits revised 2015

 1.   Any person, under seventeen years of age and not under sixteen years of age, may be licensed to drive motor vehicles in agricultural pursuits as herein limited; provided such person has, after successfully completing an approved minimum six-hour behind-the-wheel driver training course, passed an examination satisfactory to the chief administrator as to his ability as an operator.  The chief administrator, upon payment of the lawful fee and after he or a person authorized by him has examined the applicant and is satisfied of the applicant's ability as an operator, may, in his discretion, license the applicant to drive any motor vehicle which is registered under the provisions of R.S.39:3-24 and R.S.39:3-25.  The holder of an agricultural permit or license shall be subject to the applicable requirements, restrictions and penalties for special learner's permit holders, including the display of special learner's permit decals, provided under section 6 of P.L.1977, c.25 (C.39:3-13.2a); provided, however, the holder of an agricultural permit or license shall not be required to be accompanied by, and under the supervision of, a licensed motor vehicle driver of this State over the age of 21 in order to be permitted to operate a motor vehicle registered under the provisions of R.S.39:3-24 or R.S.39:3-25 for farm-related purposes.  Such registration shall expire on March thirty-first of each year terminating the period for which such license is issued. The annual license fee for such license shall be one dollar ($1.00), and is for the limited use herein provided, and is not to be used in the operation of any other vehicle and shall have the name of the licensee endorsed thereon in his own handwriting.  The holder of an agricultural license shall be entitled to a probationary driver's license upon attaining the age of 17 years and shall be subject to applicable restrictions and penalties in section 4 of P.L.1950, c.127 (C.39:3-13.4) as they pertain to a probationary driver's license holder.

   L.1942, c.324, s.1; amended 1983, c.403, s.8; 2001, c.420, s.5; 2009, c.38, s.4; 2015, c.79, s.1.

39 :3-10f Initial license, renewal, digitized color picture of licensee required; exceptions

 1.   In addition to the requirements for the form and content of a motor vehicle driver's license under R.S.39:3-10 and a probationary license issued under section 4 of P.L.1950, c.127 (C.39:3-13.4), on and after the operative date of P.L.2001, c.391 (C.39:3-10f4 et al.), each initial New Jersey license, each renewal of a New Jersey driver's license, and each probationary license shall have a digitized color picture of the licensee.  All licenses issued on and after January 1, 2000 shall be valid for a period of 48 calendar months.  However, the chief administrator may, at the chief administrator's discretion, issue licenses and endorsements which shall expire on a date fixed by the chief administrator.  The fee for those licenses or endorsements shall be fixed in amounts proportionately less or greater than the fee otherwise established. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section to the contrary, a person 70 years of age or older may elect to have a license issued for a period of two or four years, which election shall not be altered by the chief administrator.  The fee for the two-year license shall be $9, in addition to the fee for a digitized picture established in section 4 of P.L.2001, c.391 (C.39:3-10f4).  The chief administrator may, for good cause, extend a license and any endorsement thereon beyond their expiration dates for periods not to exceed 12 additional months.  The chief administrator may extend the expiration date of a license and any endorsement thereon without payment of a proportionate fee when the chief administrator determines that the extension is necessary for good cause.  If any license and endorsements thereon are so extended, the licensee shall pay upon renewal the full license fee for the period fixed by the chief administrator as if no extension had been granted.

   Each initial driver's license issued to a person under the age of 21 after the effective date of P.L.1999, c.28 (C.39:3-10f1 et al.) shall be conspicuously distinct, through the use of color and design, from the driver's licenses issued to persons 21 years of age or older. The chief administrator, in consultation with the Superintendent of State Police, shall determine the color and the manner in which the license is designed to achieve this result.  The license shall also bear the words "UNDER 21" in a conspicuous manner.  The chief administrator shall provide that, upon attaining the age of 21, a licensee shall be issued a replacement driver's license or a new license, as appropriate.  The fee for a replacement license shall be $5 in addition to the digitized picture fee.

   As conditions for the renewal of a driver's license, the chief administrator shall provide that the picture of a licensee be updated except that the chief administrator may elect to use a stored picture to renew a license for a period not exceeding four additional years for $18 in addition to the digitized picture fee.

   In addition to any other extension, the chief administrator shall allow a person to use a stored picture to renew a license for a period not exceeding one year if the person presents documentation by a licensed physician that the person is undergoing medical treatment for an illness and the treatment results in temporary changes to the person's physical characteristics.  The fee for this extension shall be $18 and the person shall not be required to pay the digitized picture fee pursuant to section 4 of P.L.2001, c.391 (C.39:3-10f4).

   Whenever a person has reconstructive or cosmetic surgery which significantly alters the person's facial features, the person shall notify the chief administrator who may require the picture of the licensee to be updated for $5 in addition to the digitized picture fee.

   Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter or change any expiration date on any New Jersey driver's license issued prior to the operative date of P.L.2001, c.391 (C.39:3-10f4 et al.) and, unless a licensee's driving privileges are otherwise suspended or revoked, except as provided in R.S.39:3-10, that license shall remain valid until that expiration date.

   Specific use of the driver's license and any information stored or encoded, electronically or otherwise, in relation thereto shall be in accordance with P.L.1997, c.188 (C.39:2-3.3 et seq.) and the federal Driver's Privacy Protection Act of 1994, Pub.L.103-322.  Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law to the contrary, the digitized picture or any access thereto or any use thereof shall not be sold, leased, or exchanged for value.

   L.1979, c.261, s.1; amended 1981, c.322, s.1; 1985, c.264, s.1; 1990, c.103, s.26; 1999, c.28, s.3; 2001, c.391, s.3; 2003, c.204, s.1; 2009, c.38, s.3; 2015, c.306.

39 :2A-43 "Mainland Memoriam Act."

   1. a. This act shall be known and may be cited as the "Mainland Memoriam Act."

   b.   As used in this section: 

   "Dealer" means any person engaged in the business of selling or leasing motor vehicles to consumers or other end users and licensed pursuant to R.S.39:10-19.

   "Motor vehicle" means the same as that term is defined in R.S.39:1-1.

   c. (1) The Chief Administrator of the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission shall create written informational material detailing the laws and conditions applicable to holders of special learner's permits, examination permits, and probationary driver's licenses and post the informational material on the official website of the commission.

   (2)   At the time of purchase or lease of a motor vehicle, a dealer shall provide, in a manner prescribed by the chief administrator, the written informational material created pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection to a person purchasing or leasing a motor vehicle from the dealer.

   L.2015, c.286, s.1.

Friday, January 5, 2018

39:6A-14 Compulsory uninsured motorist protection revised 2016

Every owner or registrant of an automobile registered or principally garaged in this State shall maintain uninsured motorist coverage as provided in P.L.1968, c. 385 (C. 17:28-1.1).

L.1972, c. 70, s. 14.

39:3-79.4 Identification of fuel cell vehicles revised 2016

   1. a. No person shall drive upon a public highway, road or street a motor vehicle registered or principally garaged in this State and powered primarily or secondarily by a compressed or liquified gaseous fuel unless the vehicle is identified with a weather resistant diamond shaped label which may be obtained from the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission or from a gas industry source.

   b.   A fee may be charged for the label.  The amount of the fee shall be established by rule and regulation of the Chief Administrator of the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission and shall not exceed the reasonable cost of preparation and distribution.

   c.   As used in P.L.1984, c.55 (C.39:3-79.4 et seq.), "compressed or liquified gaseous fuel" shall not include a hydrogen fuel cell system used to power a motor vehicle, provided that the fuel cell system is installed by the vehicle manufacturer and the exterior of the vehicle includes a manufacturer-installed badge identifying it as being a fuel cell-powered vehicle.

   L.1984, c.55, s.1; amended 2016, c.89.

39:3-76.9 Wind screen; goggles, face shields not necessary revised 2016

   8.   The provisions of section 7 of P.L.1967, c.237 (C.39:3-76.8) with respect to goggles and face shields shall not apply to the operator of a motorcycle equipped with a wind screen or an autocycle that meets the specifications established by the chief administrator.

   L.1967, c.237, s.8; amended 2016, c.35, s.5.

39:3-76.7 Protective helmets revised 2016

   6. a. A person shall not operate or ride upon a motorcycle unless the person is wearing a securely fitted protective helmet of a size proper for that person and of a type approved by the chief administrator.  A helmet shall be equipped with either a neck or chin strap and be reflectorized on both sides thereof. The chief administrator is authorized and empowered to adopt rules and regulations covering the types of helmets and the specifications therefor and to establish and maintain a list of approved helmets which meet the specifications as established hereunder. For the purposes of this section, a motorcycle shall not include an autocycle that is completely enclosed or any three-wheeled motor vehicle equipped with a single cab with glazing enclosing the occupant, seats similar to those of a passenger vehicle or truck, seat belts and automotive steering.

   b.   The chief administrator shall not assess motor vehicle points for the failure of a motorcycle operator or rider to wear a protective helmet.

   L.1967, c.237, s.6; amended 1984, c.33, s.3; 1985, c.15, s.2; 1992, c.153; 2016, c.35, s.4.

39:3-76.3 Motorcycles, height of handle bar grips revised 2016

   2.   No person shall operate on a public highway a motorcycle on which the handle bar grips are higher than the shoulder height of the operator when seated.  For the purposes of this section, a motorcycle shall not include an autocycle.

   L.1967, c.237, s.2; amended 1979, c.434; 2016, c.35, s.3.

39:3-41 Driver's manual made available; contents revised 2016

 a. At the time of the issuance of an examination permit or a special learner's permit to operate a motor vehicle, the chief administrator shall make available to each applicant for the examination permit or special learner's permit a driver's manual containing information required to be known and followed by licensed drivers relating to licensing requirements.

   b.   At the time of any required examination for renewal of a driver's license, the chief administrator shall upon request make available to each applicant for renewal a copy of the manual and any supplements thereto.

   c.   The driver's manual and any supplements thereto or any other booklet or writing prepared in connection with examinations for drivers' licenses or for renewals of drivers' licenses shall contain all information necessary to answer any question on an examination for a driver's license or for a renewal of a driver's license.

   d.   The chief administrator, following consultation with the organ procurement organizations designated pursuant to 42 U.S.C. s.1320b-8 to serve in the State of New Jersey, shall include in the driver's manual information explaining the provisions of the "Revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act," P.L.2008, c.50 (C.26:6-77 et al.), the beneficial uses of donated organs and tissues, and the procedure for indicating on the driver's license the intention to make a donation pursuant to section 1 of P.L.1978, c.181 (C.39:3-12.2).  The chief administrator may distribute all remaining copies of the existing driver's manual before reprinting the manual with the information required pursuant to this subsection.

   e.   The chief administrator, in consultation with the Nikhil Badlani Foundation, shall include in the driver's manual information explaining the dangers of failing to comply with this State's motor vehicle traffic laws and indicating that interested drivers may take the STOP for Nikhil Safety Pledge set forth in paragraph (1) of this subsection.

   (1)   The "STOP for Nikhil Safety Pledge" is as follows:

   "In order to ensure the safety of others on the road, passengers in my car, and myself as a driver, I pledge to obey traffic laws while operating a motor vehicle, be extra cautious, and be attentive to traffic signs and signals and road conditions.  Specifically:

   I will come to a complete stop at every "stop" sign or red traffic light, and will not proceed through a red traffic light;

   I will stay alert, keep two hands on the steering wheel whenever possible, and keep my mind on the road;

   I will talk safely by using a hands-free wireless telephone while driving if I am of lawful age to do so and refrain from texting while driving; and I will plan ahead and leave enough time to arrive at my destination."

   (2)   The chief administrator shall ensure that drivers have the option of taking the pledge set forth in paragraph (1) of this subsection by filling out a standard form made available at motor vehicle offices or by following instructions publicized by the chief administrator directing interested drivers to the appropriate website to complete the pledge.

   (3)   The chief administrator may distribute all remaining copies of the existing driver's manual before reprinting the manual with the information required pursuant to this subsection.

   f.   The chief administrator, in consultation with the Commissioner of Health and the Director of the Division of Highway Traffic Safety in the Department of Law and Public Safety, shall include in the driver's manual information explaining the dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning from motor vehicles and techniques for the safe operation and proper maintenance of a motor vehicle.  The chief administrator may distribute all remaining copies of any existing driver's manual before reprinting the manual with the information required pursuant to this subsection.

   amended 1941, c.341; 1977, c.24; 1992, c.110, s.2; 2008, c.50, s.26; 2015, c.78, s.2; 2016, c.81, s.3.

39:3-29.7 Fees

   6. a. The  chief administrator shall charge fees as follows:

   Identification Card, Original      $18
   Identification Card, Duplicate      $5
   Identification Card, Renewal      $18
   Digitized picture          $6, in addition
                  to the fees
                  required above

   b.   The chief administrator may waive the fees established under subsection a. of this section for a homeless person who submits proof of temporary residence through a social worker or the coordinator of an emergency shelter for the homeless where the person is temporarily residing.  For the purposes of this section, "homeless person" means a person without a domicile who is unable to secure permanent and stable housing as determined by a social worker or the coordinator of an emergency shelter for the homeless established pursuant to P.L.1985, c.48 (C.55:13C-1 et seq.). 

   L.1980, c.47, s.6; amended 1989, c.52, s.5; 1999, c.28, s.9; 2001, c.391, s.8; 2016, c.99, s.1.

39:3-12.6 Development of brochure explaining dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning from motor vehicles

   4. a. The chief administrator, in consultation with the Commissioner of Health and the Director of the Division of Highway Traffic Safety in the Department of Law and Public Safety, shall develop a brochure with information explaining the dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning from motor vehicles and techniques for the safe operation and proper maintenance of a motor vehicle. 

   b.   The chief administrator shall make available at every New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission agency and regional service center, a brochure with information explaining the dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning from motor vehicles and techniques for the safe operation and proper maintenance of a motor vehicle, developed pursuant to subsection a. of this section.

   c.   Notwithstanding the provisions of any law, rule, regulation, or order to the contrary, the commission shall require that a brochure with information explaining the dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning from motor vehicles and techniques for the safe operation and proper maintenance of a motor vehicle, developed pursuant to subsection a. of this section, be made available at every official inspection facility or private inspection facility in this State and on the commission's website.

   L.2016, c.81, s.4.

39:3-10.34 Registration of autocycle as motorcycle; rules, regulations

   2. a. An autocycle shall be registered as a motorcycle pursuant to R.S.39:3-4.

   b.   A person shall not be required to hold a motorcycle license or a motorcycle endorsement to operate an autocycle if the person holds a basic driver's license to operate a motor vehicle pursuant to R.S.39:3-10. 

   c.   A person shall not drive, operate, or ride as a passenger in an autocycle without: (1) sitting on a seat; (2) properly using a safety seat belt; and (3) wearing a securely fitted protective helmet pursuant to section 6 of P.L.1967, c.237 (C.39:3-76.7) if required.

   d.   A person operating an autocycle shall not permit a child to be a passenger in the autocycle if the child would be required to be secured in a child passenger restraint system, pursuant to section 1 of P.L.1983, c.128 (C.39:3-76.2a).

   e.   An owner or registered owner of an autocycle registered or principally garaged in this State shall maintain motor vehicle liability insurance coverage pursuant to section 1 of P.L.1972, c.197 (C.39:6B-1), personal injury protection coverage pursuant to section 4 of P.L.1972, c.70 (C.39:6A-4), and uninsured motorist coverage pursuant to section 14 of P.L.1972, c.70 (C.39:6A-14).

   f.   The chief administrator shall adopt rules and regulations pursuant to the "Administrative Procedure Act," P.L.1968, c.410 (C.52:14B-1 et seq.), as are necessary to implement this act.  The chief administrator may include information on autocycles in the commission's driver's manual and on its Internet website.

   L.2016, c.35, s.2.
 

39:3-10 Licensing of drivers; classification revised 2017

 A person shall not drive a motor vehicle on a public highway in this State unless the person is under supervision while participating in a behind-the-wheel driving course pursuant to section 6 of P.L.1977, c.25 (C.39:3-13.2a) or is in possession of a validated permit, or a probationary or basic driver's license issued to that person in accordance with this article.

   A person under 18 years of age shall not be issued a basic license to drive motor vehicles, and a person shall not be issued a validated permit, including a validated examination permit, until the applicant has passed a satisfactory examination and other requirements as to the applicant's ability as an operator.  The examination shall include:  a test of the applicant's vision; the applicant's ability to understand traffic control devices; the applicant's knowledge of safe driving practices, including the dangers of driving a vehicle in an aggressive manner, which shall include, but not be limited to, unexpectedly altering the speed of a vehicle, making improper or erratic traffic lane changes, disregarding traffic control devices, failing to yield the right of way, and following another vehicle too closely; the applicant's knowledge of the effects that ingestion of alcohol or drugs has on a person's ability to operate a motor vehicle; the applicant's knowledge of the dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning from motor vehicles and techniques for the safe operation and proper maintenance of a motor vehicle; the applicant's knowledge of portions of the mechanism of motor vehicles as is necessary to insure the safe operation of a vehicle of the kind or kinds indicated by the applicant; and the applicant's knowledge of the laws and ordinary usages of the road.  A person shall not sit for an examination for any permit without exhibiting photo identification deemed acceptable by the commission, unless that person is a high school student participating in a course of automobile driving education approved by the State Department of Education and conducted in a public, parochial, or private school of this State, pursuant to section 1 of P.L.1950, c.127 (C.39:3-13.1).  The commission may waive the written law knowledge examination for any person 18 years of age or older possessing a valid driver's license issued by any other state, the District of Columbia, or the United States Territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands.  The commission shall be required to provide that person with a booklet that highlights those motor vehicle laws unique to New Jersey.  A road test shall be required for a probationary license and serve as a demonstration of the applicant's ability to operate a vehicle of the class designated.  During the road test, an applicant may use a rear visibility system, parking sensors, or other technology installed on the motor vehicle that enables the applicant to view areas directly behind the vehicle or alerts the applicant of obstacles while parking. 
 
   A person shall not sit for a road test unless that person exhibits photo identification deemed acceptable by the commission.  A high school student who has completed a course of behind-the-wheel automobile driving education approved by the State Department of Education and conducted in a public, parochial, or private school of this State, who has been issued a special learner's permit pursuant to section 1 of P.L.1950, c.127 (C.39:3-13.1) prior to January 1, 2003, shall not be required to exhibit photo identification in order to sit for a road test.  The commission may waive the road test for any person 18 years of age or older possessing a valid driver's license issued by any other state, the District of Columbia, or the United States Territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands.  The road test shall be given on public streets, where practicable and feasible, but may be preceded by an off-street screening process to assess basic skills.  The commission shall approve locations for the road test which pose no more than a minimal risk of injury to the applicant, the examiner, and other motorists.  New locations for the road test shall not be approved unless the test can be given on public streets.

   A person who successfully completes a road test for a motorcycle license or a motorcycle endorsement when operating a motorcycle or motorized scooter with an engine displacement of less than 231 cubic centimeters shall be issued a motorcycle license or endorsement restricting the person's operation of the vehicles to any motorcycle with an engine displacement of 500 cubic centimeters or less.  A person who successfully completes a road test for a motorcycle license or motorcycle endorsement when operating a motorcycle with an engine displacement of 231 or more cubic centimeters shall be issued a motorcycle license or endorsement without any restriction as to engine displacement.  Any person who successfully completes an approved motorcycle safety education course established pursuant to the provisions of section 1 of P.L.1991, c.452 (C.27:5F-36) shall be issued a motorcycle license or endorsement without restriction as to engine displacement.

   The commission shall issue a basic driver's license to operate a motor vehicle other than a motorcycle to a person over 18 years of age who previously has not been licensed to drive a motor vehicle in this State or another jurisdiction only if that person has:  (1) operated a passenger automobile in compliance with the requirements of this Title for not less than one year, not including any period of suspension or postponement, from the date of issuance of a probationary license pursuant to section 4 of P.L.1950, c.127 (C.39:3-13.4); (2) not been assessed more than two motor vehicle points; (3) not been convicted in the previous year for a violation of R.S.39:4-50, section 2 of P.L.1981, c.512 (C.39:4-50.4a), section 1 of P.L.1992, c.189 (C.39:4-50.14), R.S.39:4-129, N.J.S.2C:11-5, section 1 of P.L.2017, c.165 (C.2C:11-5.3), subsection c. of N.J.S.2C:12-1, or any other motor vehicle-related violation the commission determines to be significant and applicable pursuant to regulation; and (4) passed an examination of the applicant's ability to operate a motor vehicle pursuant to this section.

   The commission shall expand the driver's license examination by 20 percent. The additional questions to be added shall consist solely of questions developed in conjunction with the Department of Health concerning the use of alcohol or drugs as related to highway safety.  The commission shall develop, in conjunction with the Department of Health, supplements to the driver's manual which shall include information necessary to answer any question on the driver's license examination concerning alcohol or drugs as related to highway safety.

   Up to 20 questions may be added to the examination on subjects to be determined by the commission that are of particular relevance to youthful drivers, including the dangers of driving a vehicle in an aggressive manner, which shall include, but not be limited to, unexpectedly altering the speed of a vehicle, making improper or erratic traffic lane changes, disregarding traffic control devices, failing to yield the right of way, and following another vehicle too closely, after consultation with the Director of the Division of Highway Traffic Safety in the Department of Law and Public Safety.

   The commission shall expand the driver's license examination to include a question asking whether the applicant is aware of the provisions of the "Revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act," P.L.2008, c.50 (C.26:6-77 et al.) and the procedure for indicating on the driver's license the intention to make a donation of body organs or tissues pursuant to section 1 of P.L.1978, c.181 (C.39:3-12.2).

   The commission shall expand the driver's license examination to include a question asking whether the applicant is aware of the dangers of failing to comply with this State's motor vehicle traffic laws and the "STOP for Nikhil Safety Pledge" set forth in subsection e. of R.S.39:3-41.

   The commission shall expand the driver's license examination to include questions concerning the dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning from motor vehicles and techniques for the safe operation and proper maintenance of a motor vehicle.

   Any person applying for a driver's license to operate a motor vehicle or motorized bicycle in this State shall surrender to the commission any current driver's license issued to the applicant by another state or jurisdiction upon the applicant's receipt of a driver's license for this State.  The commission shall refuse to issue a driver's license if the applicant fails to comply with this provision.  An applicant for a permit or license who is less than 18 years of age, and who holds a permit or license for a passenger automobile issued by another state or country that is valid or has expired within a time period designated by the commission, shall be subject to the permit and license requirements and penalties applicable to State permit and license applicants who are of the same age; except that if the other state or country has permit or license standards substantially similar to those of this State, the credentials of the other state or country shall be acceptable.

   The commission shall create classified licensing of drivers covering the following classifications:

   a.   Motorcycles, except that for the purposes of this section, motorcycle shall not include any three-wheeled motor vehicle equipped with a single cab with glazing enclosing the occupant, seats similar to those of a passenger vehicle or truck, seat belts and automotive steering or any vehicle defined as a motorcycle pursuant to R.S.39:1-1 having a motor with a maximum piston displacement that is less than 50 cubic centimeters or a motor that is rated at no more than 1.5 brake horsepower with a maximum speed of no more than 35 miles per hour on a flat surface.

   b.   Omnibuses as classified by R.S.39:3-10.1 and school buses classified under N.J.S.18A:39-1 et seq.

   c.   (Deleted by amendment, P.L.1999, c.28)  

   d.   All motor vehicles not included in classifications a. and b. A license issued pursuant to this classification d. shall be referred to as the "basic driver's license."

   Every applicant for a license under classification b. shall be a holder of a basic driver's license.  Any issuance of a license under classification b. shall be by endorsement on the basic driver's license.

   A driver's license for motorcycles may be issued separately, but if issued to the holder of a basic driver's license, it shall be by endorsement on the basic driver's license.  The holder of a basic driver's license or a separately issued motorcycle license shall be authorized to operate a motorcycle having a motor with a maximum piston displacement that is less than 50 cubic centimeters or a motor that is rated at no more than 1.5 brake horsepower with a maximum speed no more than 35 miles per hour on a flat surface.

   The commission, upon payment of the lawful fee and after it or a person authorized by it has examined the applicant and is satisfied of the applicant's ability as an operator, may, in its discretion, issue a license to the person to drive a motor vehicle.  The license shall authorize the applicant to drive any registered vehicle, of the kind or kinds indicated.
 
   The license shall expire, except as otherwise provided, during the fourth calendar year following the date in which the license was issued and on the same calendar day as the person's date of birth.  If the person's date of birth does not correspond to a calendar day of the fourth calendar year, the license shall expire on the last day of the person's birth month.

   The commission may, at its discretion and for good cause shown, issue licenses which shall expire on a date fixed by it. If the commission issues a license to a person who has demonstrated authorization to be present in the United States for a period of time shorter than the standard period of the license, the commission shall fix the expiration date of the license at a date based on the period in which the person is authorized to be present in the United States under federal immigration laws.  The commission may renew the license only if it is demonstrated that the person's continued presence in the United States is authorized under federal law.  The fee for licenses with expiration dates fixed by the commission shall be fixed by the commission in amounts proportionately less or greater than the fee herein established.

   The required fee for a license for the license period shall be as follows:

   Motorcycle license or endorsement: $18.

      Omnibus or school bus endorsement: $18.

      Basic driver's license: $18.

   The commission shall waive the payment of fees for issuance of omnibus endorsements whenever an applicant establishes to the commission's satisfaction that the applicant will use the omnibus endorsement exclusively for operating omnibuses owned by a nonprofit organization duly incorporated under Title 15 or 16 of the Revised Statutes or Title 15A of the New Jersey Statutes.

   The commission shall issue licenses for the following license period on and after the first day of the calendar month immediately preceding the commencement of the period, the licenses to be effective immediately.

   All applications for renewals of licenses shall be made in a manner prescribed by the commission and in accordance with procedures established by it.

   The commission in its discretion may refuse to grant a permit or license to drive motor vehicles to a person who is, in its estimation, not a proper person to be granted a permit or license, but a defect of the applicant shall not debar the applicant from receiving a permit or license unless it can be shown by tests approved by the commission that the defect incapacitates the applicant from safely operating a motor vehicle.

   In addition to requiring an applicant for a driver's license to submit satisfactory proof of identity and age, the commission also shall require the applicant to provide, as a condition for obtaining a permit and license, satisfactory proof that the applicant's presence in the United States is authorized under federal law.

   If the commission has reasonable cause to suspect that any document presented by an applicant as proof of identity, age, or legal residency is altered, false, or otherwise invalid, the commission shall refuse to grant the permit or license until the time when the document may be verified by the issuing agency to the commission's satisfaction.

   A person violating this section shall be subject to a fine not exceeding $500 or imprisonment in the county jail for not more than 60 days, but if that person has never been licensed to drive in this State or any other jurisdiction, the applicant shall be subject to a fine of not less than $200 and, in addition, the court shall issue an order to the commission requiring the commission to refuse to issue a license to operate a motor vehicle to the person for a period of not less than 180 days.  The penalties provided for by this paragraph shall not be applicable in cases where failure to have actual possession of the operator's license is due to an administrative or technical error by the commission.

   Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter or extend the expiration of any license issued prior to the date this amendatory and supplementary act becomes operative.

   As used in this section:

   "Parking sensors" means proximity sensors which use either electromagnetic or ultrasonic technology and are designed to alert the driver to obstacles while parking.

   "Rear visibility system" means devices or components installed on a motor vehicle at the time of manufacture that allow a forward facing driver to view a visual image of the area directly behind the vehicle.

   amended 1938, c.66, s.6; 1953, c.72; 1955, c.8, s.5; 1955, c.76, s.1; 1957, c.108; 1964, c.118; 1968, c.130, s.2; 1977, c.25, s.1; 1979, c.97, s.1; 1979, c.261, s.5; 1980, c.105, s.7; 1981, c.322, s.2; 1982, c.45, s.1; 1983, c.162; 1983, c.163; 1983, c.403, s.7; 1984, c.33, s.2; 1985, c.264, s.2; 1987, c.20, s.1; 1988, c.8, s.2; 1991, c.452, s.7; 1992, c.110, s.1; 1993, c.34, s.1; 1998, c.108, s.1; 1999, c.28, s.2 (Title of 1999, c.28 amended 2001, c.391, s.1); 2001, c.391, s.2; 2001, c.420, s.3; 2003, c.13, s.37; 2008, c.50, s.24; 2009, c.38, s.1; 2011, c.13, s.1; 2015, c.36, s.1; 2015, c.78, s.1; 2016, c.41; 2016, c.81, s.2; 2017, c.91, s.1; 2017, c.165, s.10.

39:1-1 Words and phrases defined revised 2016

As used in this subtitle, unless other meaning is clearly apparent from the language or context, or unless inconsistent with the manifest intention of the Legislature:

"Alley" means a public highway wherein the roadway does not exceed 12 feet in width.

"Authorized emergency vehicles" means vehicles of the fire department, police vehicles and such ambulances and other vehicles as are approved by the chief administrator when operated in response to an emergency call.

"Automobile" includes all motor vehicles except motorcycles.

"Berm" means that portion of the highway exclusive of roadway and shoulder, bordering the shoulder but not to be used for vehicular travel.

"Business district" means that portion of a highway and the territory contiguous thereto, where within any 600 feet along such highway there are buildings in use for business or industrial purposes, including but not limited to hotels, banks, office buildings, railroad stations, and public buildings which occupy at least 300 feet of frontage on one side or 300 feet collectively on both sides of the roadway.

"Car pool" means two or more persons commuting on a daily basis to and from work by means of a vehicle with a seating capacity of nine passengers or less.

"Chief Administrator" or "Administrator" means the Chief Administrator of the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission.

"Commercial motor vehicle" includes every type of motor-driven vehicle used for commercial purposes on the highways, such as the transportation of goods, wares and merchandise, excepting such vehicles as are run only upon rails or tracks and vehicles of the passenger car type used for touring purposes or the carrying of farm products and milk, as the case may be.

"Commission" means the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission established by section 4 of P.L.2003, c.13 (C.39:2A-4).

"Commissioner" means the Commissioner of Transportation of this State.

"Commuter van" means a motor vehicle having a seating capacity of not less than seven nor more than 15 adult passengers, in which seven or more persons commute on a daily basis to and from work and which vehicle may also be operated by the driver or other designated persons for their personal use.

"Crosswalk" means that part of a highway at an intersection, either marked or unmarked existing at each approach of every roadway intersection, included within the connections of the lateral lines of the sidewalks on opposite sides of the highway measured from the curbs or, in the absence of curbs, from the edges of the shoulder, or, if none, from the edges of the roadway; also, any portion of a highway at an intersection or elsewhere distinctly indicated for pedestrian crossing by lines or other marking on the surface.

"Curb extension" or "bulbout" means a horizontal extension of the sidewalk into the street which results in a narrower roadway section.

"Dealer" includes every person actively engaged in the business of buying, selling or exchanging motor vehicles or motorcycles and who has an established place of business.

"Deputy Chief Administrator" means the deputy chief administrator of the commission.

"Driver" means the rider or driver of a horse, bicycle or motorcycle or the driver or operator of a motor vehicle, unless otherwise specified.

"Explosives" means any chemical compound or mechanical mixture that is commonly used or intended for the purpose of producing an explosion and which contains any oxidizing and combustive units or other ingredients in such proportions, quantities or packing that an ignition by fire, friction, by concussion, by percussion, or by detonator of any part of the compound or mixture may cause such a sudden generation of highly heated gases that the resultant gaseous pressures are capable of producing destructive effects on contiguous objects or of destroying life or limb.

"Farm tractor" means every motor vehicle designed and used primarily as a farm implement for drawing plows, mowing machines, and other implements of husbandry.

"Flammable liquid" means any liquid having a flash point below 200 degrees Fahrenheit, and a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 pounds.

"Gross weight" means the combined weight of a vehicle and a load thereon.

"High occupancy vehicle" or "HOV" means a vehicle which is used to transport two or more persons and shall include public transportation, car pool, van pool, and other vehicles as determined by regulation of the Department of Transportation.

"Highway" means the entire width between the boundary lines of every way publicly maintained when any part thereof is open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel.

"Horse" includes mules and all other domestic animals used as draught animals or beasts of burden.

"Inside lane" means the lane nearest the center line of the roadway.

"Intersection" means the area embraced within the prolongation of the lateral curb lines or, if none, the lateral boundary lines of two or more highways which join one another at an angle, whether or not one such highway crosses another.

"Laned roadway" means a roadway which is divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for vehicular traffic.

"Leased limousine" means any limousine subject to regulation in the State which:

a.Is offered for rental or lease, without a driver, to be operated by a limousine service as the lessee, for the purpose of carrying passengers for hire; and

b.Is leased or rented for a period of one year or more following registration.

"Leased motor vehicle" means any motor vehicle subject to registration in this State which:

a.Is offered for rental or lease, without a driver, to be operated by the lessee, his agent or servant, for purposes other than the transportation of passengers for hire; and

b.Is leased or rented for a period of one year or more following registration.

"Limited-access highway" means every highway, street, or roadway in respect to which owners or occupants of abutting lands and other persons have no legal right of access to or from the same except at such points only and in such manner as may be determined by the public authority having jurisdiction over such highway, street, or roadway; and includes any highway designated as a "freeway" or "parkway" by authority of law.

"Local authorities" means every county, municipal and other local board or body having authority to adopt local police regulations under the Constitution and laws of this State, including every county governing body with relation to county roads.

"Low-speed vehicle" means a four-wheeled low-speed vehicle, as defined in 49 CFR s. 571.3(b), whose attainable speed is more than 20 miles per hour but not more than 25 miles per hour on a paved level surface and which is not powered by gasoline or diesel fuel and complies with federal safety standards as set forth in 49 CFR s. 571.500.

"Magistrate" means any municipal court and the Superior Court, and any officer having the powers of a committing magistrate and the chief administrator.

"Manufacturer" means a person engaged in the business of manufacturing or assembling motor vehicles, who will, under normal business conditions during the year, manufacture or assemble at least 10 new motor vehicles.

"Metal tire" means every tire the surface of which in contact with the highway is wholly or partly of metal or other hard nonresilient material.

"Mid-block crosswalk" means a crosswalk located away from an intersection, distinctly indicated by lines or markings on the surface.

"Motorized bicycle" means a pedal bicycle having a helper motor characterized in that either the maximum piston displacement is less than 50 cc. or said motor is rated at no more than 1.5 brake horsepower or is powered by an electric drive motor and said bicycle is capable of a maximum speed of no more than 25 miles per hour on a flat surface.

"Motorcycle" includes motorcycles, motor bikes, bicycles with motor attached and all motor-operated vehicles of the bicycle or tricycle type, except motorized bicycles as defined in this section, whether the motive power be a part thereof or attached thereto and having a saddle or seat with driver sitting astride or upon it or a platform on which the driver stands.

"Motor-drawn vehicle" includes trailers, semitrailers, or any other type of vehicle drawn by a motor-driven vehicle.

"Motor vehicle" includes all vehicles propelled otherwise than by muscular power, excepting such vehicles as run only upon rails or tracks and motorized bicycles.

"Motorized scooter" means a miniature motor vehicle and includes, but is not limited to, pocket bikes, super pocket bikes, scooters, mini-scooters, sport scooters, mini choppers, mini motorcycles, motorized skateboards and other vehicles with motors not manufactured in compliance with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and which have no permanent Federal Safety Certification stickers affixed to the vehicle by the original manufacturer. This term shall not include: electric personal assistive mobility devices, motorized bicycles or low-speed vehicles; or motorized wheelchairs, mobility scooters or similar mobility assisting devices used by persons with physical disabilities, or persons whose ambulatory mobility has been impaired by age or illness.

"Motorized skateboard" means a skateboard that is propelled otherwise than by muscular power.

"Motorized wheelchair" means any motor-driven wheelchair utilized to increase the independent mobility, in the activities of daily living, of an individual who has limited or no ambulation abilities, and includes mobility scooters manufactured specifically for such purposes and designed primarily for indoor use.

"Noncommercial truck" means every motor vehicle designed primarily for transportation of property, and which is not a "commercial vehicle."

"Official traffic control devices" means all signs, signals, markings, and devices not inconsistent with this subtitle placed or erected by authority of a public body or official having jurisdiction for the purpose of regulating, warning, or guiding traffic.

"Omnibus" includes all motor vehicles used for the transportation of passengers for hire, except commuter vans and vehicles used in ridesharing arrangements and school buses, if the same are not otherwise used in the transportation of passengers for hire.

"Operator" means a person who is in actual physical control of a vehicle or street car.

"Outside lane" means the lane nearest the curb or outer edge of the roadway.

"Owner" means a person who holds the legal title of a vehicle, or if a vehicle is the subject of an agreement for the conditional sale or lease thereof with the right of purchase upon performance of the conditions stated in the agreement and with an immediate right of possession vested in the conditional vendee or lessee, or if a mortgagor of a vehicle is entitled to possession, then the conditional vendee, lessee or mortgagor shall be deemed the owner for the purpose of this subtitle.

"Parking" means the standing or waiting on a street, road or highway of a vehicle not actually engaged in receiving or discharging passengers or merchandise, unless in obedience to traffic regulations or traffic signs or signals.

"Passenger automobile" means all automobiles used and designed for the transportation of passengers, other than omnibuses and school buses.

"Pedestrian" means a person afoot.

"Person" includes natural persons, firms, copartnerships, associations, and corporations.

"Pneumatic tire" means every tire in which compressed air is designed to support the load.

"Pole trailer" means every vehicle without motive power designed to be drawn by another vehicle and attached to the towing vehicle by means of a reach, or pole, or by being boomed or otherwise secured to the towing vehicle, and ordinarily used for transporting long or irregularly shaped loads, such as poles, pipes, or structural members capable, generally, of sustaining themselves as beams between the supporting connections.

"Private road or driveway" means every road or driveway not open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel.

"Railroad train" means a steam engine, electric or other motor, with or without cars coupled thereto, operated upon rails, except street cars.

"Recreation vehicle" means a self-propelled or towed vehicle equipped to serve as temporary living quarters for recreational, camping or travel purposes and used solely as a family or personal conveyance.

"Residence district" means that portion of a highway and the territory contiguous thereto, not comprising a business district, where within any 600 feet along such highway there are buildings in use for business or residential purposes which occupy 300 feet or more of frontage on at least one side of the highway.

"Ridesharing" means the transportation of persons in a motor vehicle, with a maximum carrying capacity of not more than 15 passengers, including the driver, where such transportation is incidental to the purpose of the driver. The term shall include such ridesharing arrangements known as car pools and van pools.

"Right-of-way" means the privilege of the immediate use of the highway.

"Road tractor" means every motor vehicle designed and used for drawing other vehicles and not so constructed as to carry any load thereon either independently or any part of the weight of a vehicle or load so drawn.

"Roadway" means that portion of a highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel, exclusive of the berm or shoulder. In the event a highway includes two or more separate roadways, the term "roadway" as used herein shall refer to any such roadway separately, but not to all such roadways, collectively.

"Safety zone" means the area or space officially set aside within a highway for the exclusive use of pedestrians, which is so plainly marked or indicated by proper signs as to be plainly visible at all times while set apart as a safety zone.

"School bus" means every motor vehicle operated by, or under contract with, a public or governmental agency, or religious or other charitable organization or corporation, or privately operated for the transportation of children to or from school for secular or religious education, which complies with the regulations of the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission affecting school buses, including "School Vehicle Type I" and "School Vehicle Type II" as defined below:

"School Vehicle Type I" means any vehicle designed to transport 16 or more passengers, including the driver, used to transport enrolled children, and adults only when serving as chaperones, to or from a school, school connected activity, day camp, summer day camp, summer residence camp, nursery school, child care center, preschool center or other similar places of education. Such vehicle shall comply with the regulations of the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission and either the Department of Education or the Department of Human Services, whichever is the appropriate supervising agency.

"School Vehicle Type II" means any vehicle designed to transport less than 16 passengers, including the driver, used to transport enrolled children, and adults only when serving as chaperones, to or from a school, school connected activity, day camp, summer day camp, summer residence camp, nursery school, child care center, preschool center or other similar places of education. Such vehicle shall comply with the regulations of the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission and either the Department of Education or the Department of Human Services, whichever is the appropriate supervising agency.

"School zone" means that portion of a highway which is either contiguous to territory occupied by a school building or is where school crossings are established in the vicinity of a school, upon which are maintained appropriate "school signs" in accordance with specifications adopted by the chief administrator and in accordance with law.

"School crossing" means that portion of a highway where school children are required to cross the highway in the vicinity of a school.

"Semitrailer" means every vehicle with or without motive power, other than a pole trailer, designed for carrying persons or property and for being drawn by a motor vehicle and so constructed that some part of its weight and that of its load rests upon or is carried by another vehicle.

"Shipper" means any person who shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, any commodity, produce or article for transportation as the contents or load of a commercial motor vehicle. In the case of a sealed ocean container, "shipper" shall not be construed to include any person whose activities with respect to the shipment are limited to the solicitation or negotiation of the sale, resale, or exchange of the commodity, produce or article within that container.

"Shoulder" means that portion of the highway, exclusive of and bordering the roadway, designed for emergency use but not ordinarily to be used for vehicular travel.

"Sidewalk" means that portion of a highway intended for the use of pedestrians, between the curb line or the lateral line of a shoulder, or if none, the lateral line of the roadway and the adjacent right-of-way line.

"Sign." See "Official traffic control devices."

"Slow-moving vehicle" means a vehicle run at a speed less than the maximum speed then and there permissible.

"Solid tire" means every tire of rubber or other resilient material which does not depend upon compressed air for the support of the load.

"Street" means the same as highway.

"Street car" means a car other than a railroad train, for transporting persons or property and operated upon rails principally within a municipality.

"Stop," when required, means complete cessation from movement.

"Stopping or standing," when prohibited, means any cessation of movement of a vehicle, whether occupied or not, except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in compliance with the directions of a police officer or traffic control sign or signal.

"Suburban business or residential district" means that portion of highway and the territory contiguous thereto, where within any 1,320 feet along that highway there is land in use for business or residential purposes and that land occupies more than 660 feet of frontage on one side or collectively more than 660 feet of frontage on both sides of that roadway.

"Through highway" means every highway or portion thereof at the entrances to which vehicular traffic from intersecting highways is required by law to stop before entering or crossing the same and when stop signs are erected as provided in this chapter.

"Trackless trolley" means every motor vehicle which is propelled by electric power obtained from overhead trolley wires but not operated upon rails.

"Traffic" means pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, street cars, and other conveyances either singly, or together, while using any highway for purposes of travel.

"Traffic control signal" means a device, whether manually, electrically, mechanically, or otherwise controlled, by which traffic is alternately directed to stop and to proceed.

"Trailer" means every vehicle with or without motive power, other than a pole trailer, designed for carrying persons or property and for being drawn by a motor vehicle and so constructed that no part of its weight rests upon the towing vehicle.

"Truck" means every motor vehicle designed, used, or maintained primarily for the transportation of property.

"Truck tractor" means every motor vehicle designed and used primarily for drawing other vehicles and not so constructed as to carry a load other than a part of the weight of the vehicle and load so drawn.

"Van pooling" means seven or more persons commuting on a daily basis to and from work by means of a vehicle with a seating arrangement designed to carry seven to 15 adult passengers.

"Vehicle" means every device in, upon or by which a person or property is or may be transported upon a highway, excepting devices moved by human power or used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks or motorized bicycles.